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Lewis Concept of Acid and Base: Limitations and Advantages


Lewis Concept of Acid and Base

Lewis Concept of Acid and Base
Lewis Acid: According to Lewis Concept, an acid is clearly defined as the substance which can accept a pair of non-bonding electrons. They are clearly known as an electrophile. They consist of vacant orbitals in their molecular structures. Ag+, Cu++ and Fe+++ are the few examples of acid according to Lewis concept.

There are various elements found which can act as Lewis acids. From the definition of Lewis acid, it is clearly known that all cations are Lewis acids since they are able to accept the pair of an electron (Cu2+, Fe2+, Fe3+). Also, an ion, molecule, or an atom which is with an incomplete octet of electrons can act as a Lewis acid.


Lewis Base: According to Lewis Concept, the base is defined as the substance which can donate the pair of non-bonding electrons. They are clearly known as a nucleophile. They consist of a lone-pair of electrons in their molecular structures. Cl- and OH- is an example of the base according to Lewis's concept.

Lewis Concept of Base


Lewis Bases are nucleophilic substances which means they attack a positive charge of another atom with their lone pair of electrons. Also, an ion, molecule or an atom which are with lone-pair of an electron can act as a Lewis Base.

Lewis Neutralization Reaction: According to the Lewis Concept, neutralization reactions defined as the reaction in which the base donates the line pair of an electron to the acids.
         
    NH3 + BF3      →      H3       →       BF3

Lewis Neutralization reaction



Advantages of Lewis Concept of Acid and Base:

  • It can explain the acidic nature of carbon dioxide (CO2) AND AlCl3.
  • It can explain the reaction in which proton is not involved.
  • It can share the pair of an electron with no change in the oxidation numbers.
  • It complements the method of the oxidation-reduction method. Oxidation and reduction reactions method consists of a transfer of electrons from one atom to another atom with a change in the oxidation number of one or more than one atoms.


Limitations of Lewis Concept of Acid and Base:


  • In this concept, all acid-base reactions do not involve co-ordinate bond information.
  • This theory completely fails to explain the relative strength of acids and bases.
  • It fails to explain why the acid-base reactions are faster although a co-ordinate covalent bond is formed.
  • According to Lewis Concept, the acid reacts with a base to form a co-ordinate covalent compound. But in the case of HCL and NaOH, the ionic bond is formed.
  • It fails to explain the relative strength of acids and bases.



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